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Rep. Joe Heck (R–NV) has introduced the Welcoming Business Travelers and Tourists to America Act of 2011 (H.R. 3039), which would increase fees imposed on travelers entering the United States as a method of speeding up the processing of travel document applications. The revenue from increased fees would fund State Department staffing increases designed to streamline and accelerate visa processing, thereby increasing tourism into the United States. Highlights of H.R. 3039 include the following:

• The State Department must set a visa processing standard of 12 or fewer calendar days at U.S diplomatic or consular missions in Brazil, India and China, and increase staffing levels.
• The State Department must conduct a two-year pilot program on using secure, remote video-conferencing technology to conduct visa application interviews.
• The Secretary of State would be permitted to modify or enter into agreements with certain countries to allow for longer visa validity periods.

According to the bill’s legislative findings, over the past decade the United States lost the opportunity to generate $606 billion in revenue through tourism. Moreover, increasing tourism by shortening the nonimmigrant visa approval timeline could permit an additional 98 million visitors, create 1.3 million jobs, and generate $859 billion in U.S. economic output between 2015 and 2020. Additionally, the findings contend that removing these barriers will benefit U.S. diplomatic relations.

Photo credit: Dx73

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The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has issued a final rule, published in the Federal Register on August 29, which will enable U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to transition from a paper-file-based systems environment to an “electronic customer-focused, centralized case management environment for benefit processing.” The transition will be a multi-year project that will allow USCIS to:

• streamline benefit processing;
• eliminate the capture and processing of redundant data; and
• reduce the number of and automate forms.

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On August 17, 2011, United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) issued a Policy Memorandum (pdf) to its staff concerning nonimmigrants regularly residing in the same dwelling as a principal nonimmigrant (i.e., a visa holder who is in the United States on a status such as H-1B or F-1). The Memorandum clarifies that nonimmigrant spouses, children, parents, cohabitating partners, and other “household members” of principal nonimmigrants may seek B-2 visas, or change their status to B-2, to allow them to reside with the principal nonimmigrant visa holder for the duration of their authorized period of stay. The Memorandum defines a “household member” of a principal nonimmigrant as “an alien who regularly resides in the same dwelling as the principal nonimmigrant and with whom the principal nonimmigrant maintains the type of relationship and care as one normally would expect between nuclear family members.”

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The Immigrant Investor Program (“EB-5 Program”) makes available 10,000 visas annually to immigrant investors who invest in commercial enterprises creating at least 10 full-time jobs for U.S. workers. However, the annual cap has never been met in the two decades since the program’s creation.

In a move designed to maximize utilization of the Immigrant Investor Program and respond to President Obama’s call to promote immigrants’ entrepreneurial spirit, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has announced proposed enhancements to EB-5 visa processing, consisting of three main elements (pdf):

1. USCIS will accelerate processing for applications involving job-creating projects that are fully developed and ready to be implemented. Applicants and petitioners will have the option to request Premium Processing Service, which, for an additional fee, guarantees processing within 15 calendar days.
2. USCIS will create new intake teams with expertise in economic analysis and EB-5 Program requirements. Moreover, applicants submitting Form I-924 (i.e., applying to participate under a USCIS-designated Regional Center) will be able to directly communicate via email with the team to streamline issue resolution and rapidly address applicants’ questions or needs.
3. USCIS will convene an expert Decision Board, composed of an economist and adjudicators supported by legal counsel, to render an enhanced decision process concerning Form I-924 applications. For example, interviews will be available in instances where the Board’s preliminary recommendation is to request further information or to deny the application.

USCIS will accept public comment on the proposals until June 17, 2011.

Image credit: StudioX

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United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced that it has begun issuing employment and travel authorization on a single card for certain applicants filing a Form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status. This new card replaces the paper Advance Parole documents formerly issued to such applicants and offers increased security and durability. The card serves to verify a cardholder’s legal work status in the United States; specifically, employers may use the card as a List A document when completing a Form I-9. Additionally, cardholders can travel abroad and return to the United States without abandoning their pending adjustment application. Cardholders must present the card to request parole through the U.S. port of entry, at which point immigration officials will determine whether to grant parole (i.e., individuals who were unlawfully present in the United States may be denied re-admission).

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On January 2, 2011, President Obama signed H.R. 847, known as the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010, which provides medical monitoring and treatment for 9/11 first responders. The law will be financed in part by extending the period during which increased application fees for L and H-1B visas will be collected from certain employers. As discussed previously, application fees increased for certain employers by $2,250 (L visas) and $2,000 (H-1B visas) to fund a border protection bill enacted in August 2010. This increase, which was to expire on September 30, 2014, now expires on September 30, 2015.

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The State Department has announced that from October 5, 2010, to November 3, 2010, individuals may register for the 2012 diversity visa lottery.

For 2012, 50,000 diversity visas will issued. To be eligible, applicants must possess:

• a high school education or its equivalent; or
• two years of work experience, in a profession requiring at least two years’ training or experience, during the past five years.

The lottery procedure randomly selects qualified applicants from six geographic regions with low rates of migration to the United States. Within each region, no country may receive more than 7% of the available diversity visas in any one year. No visas are awarded to nationals of countries sending more than 50,000 immigrants to the United States over the period of the past five years. Selectees will be notified of their selection through the Entry Status Check, available starting May 1, 2011, via the program’s website, www.dvlottery.state.gov.

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The U.S. Mission in Canada has announced that, as of September 1, 2010, individuals who need a visa in order to travel from Canada to the United States will receive appointment services, including information and scheduling-related calls, at no cost. Additionally, visa applicants are directed to Consular Services Canada’s Visa Information Services to obtain information on starting an application for a U.S. visa. Under the new scheme, applicants must pay their application fee prior to scheduling an appointment. For those who previously paid the fee, but had not scheduled an appointment, there will be a grace period, until October 1, 2010, in which to schedule an appointment and apply that fee. Those failing to do so prior to October 1 will be required to pay the fee again to secure an appointment.

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U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced that, as of August 13, 2010, H-1B and L-1 visa application fees increased by $2,000 and $2,250, respectively, for certain businesses. The fee increases, as previously discussed, are mandated by the recently enacted border security law (Public Law No. 111-230) (pdf). Accordingly, petitioning businesses with 50 or more employees in the United States and with 50% or more of its employees in the United States on H-1B or L visas must submit the additional fees:

• initially to grant an alien nonimmigrant status described in subparagraph (H)(i)(b) or (L) of section 101(a)(15); or
• to obtain authorization for an alien having such status to change employers.

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Computerworld reports that the United States government is reviewing whether the recently-enacted border security law, funded through increased H-1B and L-1 visa application fees for certain foreign-owned companies, runs afoul of World Trade Organization rules, as the law’s opponents and India’s Commerce Secretary contend. However, the issue was only briefly addressed in a recent U.S. Department of State press briefing during which a spokesperson confirmed that discussions about the law were being held between U.S. and Indian officials. Some suggest that the law could increase Indian companies’ U.S. operating costs by $250 million per year.

In a separate article, Computerworld reports that the law has caused rare consensus among H-1B visa advocates and opponents. Individuals on both sides contend that the bill will not create IT jobs for Americans. They suggest that targeted companies—foreign entities operating in the U.S. whose workforce is 50% or more foreign—can easily shift operations to Canada or Latin America. Finally, there are concerns that the fees’ generated revenue is misdirected, and that the funds should be used to spur innovation in the U.S. technology industry rather than to increase law enforcement operations at the United States’ southwestern border.

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During a special session held this morning, the Senate passed a $600 million spending bill (pdf) that will increase law enforcement presence at the United States’ southwestern border with Mexico and will finance additional aerial drones and construction of two operating bases. The Senate passed an identical bill (S. 3721) on August 5 before adjourning for recess, but for technical reasons the Senate needed to approve the version of the bill approved by the House of Representatives on August 10 before sending it to President Obama for signature.

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The UK Border Agency announced that, beginning July 19, 2010, it will limit how many applications submitted under Tier 1 (General) of the points-based system will be considered per month. A long-term limit will be imposed in April 2011. Additionally, the score necessary for approval of a Tier 1 (General) work permit will increase from 95 to 100 points.

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The UK Border Agency (UKBA) has unveiled its “super premium service” for applicants seeking to extend their stay in the UK. For £15,000, the following services will be available:

• immigration application forms will be picked up by a Royal Mail courier;
• applicants can have their biometrics enrolled at a location of their choosing, including their home or business premises, at a time and date of their choosing (between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday); and
• a decision on the application will be made within 24 hours of the visit, if all requirements are met.

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Canada is on the verge of a backlog of skilled immigrant applications, reports the Toronto Star. Recent government data shows that the average processing time is seven and a half years. Currently, 600,000 applications have been submitted for the 80,055 available 2010 skilled immigrant visas, more than half of which were submitted after March 2008.

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The U.S. State Department has unveiled its new online nonimmigrant visa application process, reports Nextgov.com. As previously discussed, Form DS-160 combines three application forms into a single online platform. Although petitioners previously could complete applications online, they were required to bring hard copies of the completed applications to visa interviews. Now, only a confirmation sheet with a bar code is required since consular officers can retrieve the application through the department’s database.

Currently, 88 consulates and embassies have implemented Form DS-160. The State Department hopes that all overseas consular offices will use the system by the end of April 2010. However, because of the time and expense necessary to develop foreign language versions of DS-160, it is uncertain whether this goal will be met.

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JoongAngDaily reports that South Korea has eased the path to citizenship and relaxed immigration restrictions as follows:

• seventeen additional citizenship examination centers are opening in local immigration offices this month (previously, there was only one venue for taking citizenship examinations);
• companies can submit visa applications online (www.visa.go.kr) instead of sending company officials to apply on-site at immigration offices;
• procedures for obtaining re-entry permits following short home visits and overseas trips will be eased for international students and foreign nationals married to South Korean nationals;
• applicants who file re-entry applications on-site or through the Immigration Service’s official website will be permitted to make unlimited overseas trips and re-enter on multiple occasions regardless of their length of residence in South Korea; and
• individuals applying for re-entry will be exempt from paying fees.

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Turkey’s Labor and Social Security Ministry plans to launch an online application system for work permits this year, according to Today’s Zaman. The new system will speed up the application process and allow employers to track an application’s status. In the interim, petitioning employers must request a password through Turkey’s government web portal and then submit required documents by mail or in person. Decisions regarding applications will be sent to a company email address.

Image credit: Marc Mongenet

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Gulfnews.com reports that a single application form for United Arab Emirates residence visas, labor cards and identification cards will be available later this year. Instead of providing the same biographical data (e.g., name, nationality, marital status) on three separate applications, petitioners will complete one application and the information supplied will be used to process all three official documents. Approved applicants will then be issued an all-purpose identification card.

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The Times of India reports that, beginning February 1, 2010, an online application process for U.S. visas will be launched at consulates in India. Applicants will complete applications and answer additional questions online, print out a confirmation page, and then bring the document to a consular office.

Although the global economic crisis caused a decrease in the number of U.S. visa applications overall, student visa applications from India — the United States’ top source of foreign students —was up 9%, from 94,563 to 103,260, in 2009 as compared to 2008.

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Citizenship and Immigration Canada has announced that temporary residents seeking work permits or extensions of their stays in the country now can apply online. The online option, however, will not be available for co-op program work permit applications.

The online application will reduce processing time because, unlike paper applications which might be submitted partially complete, thereby requiring their return, online applications must be fully completed at the time of submission.

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The U.S. State Department’s Bureau of Consular Affairs announced that the Electronic Visa Application Form (EVAF) is being replaced by DS-160, a fully web-based nonimmigrant visa application form. DS-160 allows consular officers to review nonimmigrant visa application data prior to in-person interviews. DS-160, which 24 consular offices currently use, will replace all nonimmigrant visa application forms (except those for K visas).

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The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services has indicated that nearly 62,500 of the available 65,000 H-1B cap-subject petitions have been used for the current fiscal year. Further, it appears that the demand for such H-1B petitions has been increasing in recent weeks, with approximately 1,000 petitions being utilized in the two days prior to the government's most recent tally, which was posted on December 10, 2009. In the prior week, 2,200 petitions were filed. With this trend appearing to continue, it is anticipated that the H-1B cap will be reached within the next week.

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The United State Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced that, as of December 10, 2009, 62,500 H-1B petitions had been filed for fiscal year 2010, inching closer to the general H-1B cap of 65,000. Although the H-1B cap of 20,000 for petitioners with advanced degrees already has been reached, USCIS will continue to accept those applications until the general cap is met.

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U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services announced (pdf) that since November 13, 2009, it has temporarily held certain applications of individuals seeking to become lawful permanent residents until the new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) vaccination criteria becomes effective on December 14, 2009. Under the new CDC criteria, vaccines for herpes zoster (zoster) and human papillomavirus (HPV), will no longer be required for immigration purposes. The held applications were submitted by applicants who would have been denied a visa because they failed to demonstrate that they had received the zoster or HPV vaccination.

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New Zealand’s Minister of Immigration recently announced that a new visa scheme has been created to attract highly skilled individuals between the ages of 20 and 35. The “Silver Fern” policies, which will take effect in April 2010, create two types of permits.

• A “job search” permit allows qualifying individuals entry to New Zealand for nine months to seek skilled employment. Initially, permit availability will be limited to 300 per year.
• A “practical experience visa/permit” grants those who gain employment the right to work and reside in New Zealand for a further two years. There will be no annual limit to the number of applicants for this type of permit.

Image credit: ButterStick

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The Houston Chronicle reports that with a budget shortfall of $164 million, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is considering increasing the fees it charges for immigration applications. USCIS also is considering possible cost-saving measures, including staff layoffs. As this blog previously noted, immigration applications (e.g., citizenship, permanent residency), a revenue source for USCIS, have decreased in recent years, thereby straining USCIS’s budget. In fiscal year 2009, citizenship applications decreased by over 25% (1 million in FY 2008; 733,000 in FY 2009). Although USCIS improved its citizenship application processing time after the most recent fee increases (July 2007), it may experience difficulty maintaining the five-month average processing time if the Obama administration succeeds in implementing a legalization program for the estimated 12 million illegal immigrants in the United States.

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According to The National, the United Arab Emirates Ministry of Labour (MOL) plans to reform the system by which it accepts work permit applications through external typing offices, following reports of abuse, including forgery. The external typing offices submit applications directly to the MOL on behalf of individuals and companies, collect ministry fees and fines, and provide legal advice. There are approximately 5,000 of these offices, and currently they can operate without a license.

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According to The Los Angeles Times, a legislative mandate that the United States Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) be a self-sustaining agency may result in application fee increases. USCIS faces a $118-million deficit, partially due to decreased volume of applications. In Southern California alone, the number of citizenship applications in 2008 fell by more than 75% compared to 2007 (from 254,000 to 58,000). USCIS has requested $206 million from Congress to help offset the shortfall.

Officials claim the fee increase is necessary because a special congressional appropriation to help reduce application backlogs has run out. Immigrant advocates, however, contend that increased fees will deter legal immigrants from pursuing citizenship. Citizenship application fees were previously increased in 2007 (a 69% increase, bringing the total application cost to $675).

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The Australian government’s 2009-10 budget  includes a 20% increase in application charges for a number of visa categories, effective July 1, 2009. This measure will increase revenue by $400 million (Australian) over four years and is intended to help offset the costs associated with operating the migration and temporary entrant program.

A list of visa application charges is available on the Department of Immigration and Citizenship website.

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The UK Border Agency has announced changes to the way in which it processes applications by European nationals and their families for registration certificates, residence cards, family member residence stamps or confirmation of permanent residence in the UK. From June 1, 2009, the agency will check all applications upon receipt and will reject them unless the applicant has completed the application form correctly and provided the necessary supporting evidence. Family applications will be rejected in their entirety unless the necessary supporting evidence has been provided for all of the named applicants.

Further information about the application requirements is available at the agency’s “Applying under European Law” webpage.

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The Economic Times reports that Britain is preparing to impose a tax of up to £50 on applicants for student or work visas. The fee will go into a “transitional fund” to support government bodies dealing with the impact of immigration, including local authorities and police. Additional details about the fee are forthcoming; UK ministers are expected to make an announcement shortly.

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