New Jersey and Pennsylvania Consider Stricter Employment Verification Requirements

Proposed legislation in Pennsylvania and New Jersey would impose stricter work authorization verification requirements on employers.

Pennsylvania

State Flag of PennsylvaniaHouse Bill 1502 would require all contractors and subcontractors on public works projects to verify the employment eligibility of new employees through E-Verify, the federal electronic employment verification system, and to verify existing employees’ Social Security numbers. In June 2010, this bill was referred to the House State Government Committee.

House Bill 1503 would require all construction industry employers to verify the employment eligibility of new employees through E-Verify and to verify existing employees’ Social Security numbers. This bill was passed by the House in June 2010 and is currently in the Senate Labor and Industry Committee.

Employers that in good faith rely on federal programs (E-Verify and the Social Security Number Verification Service) to verify new employees’ legal work status and existing employees’ Social Security numbers will be immune from sanctions. However, employers face debarment from public work contracts (HB 1502) or license forfeiture (HB 1503) for noncompliance. Additionally, employers could face civil liability for retaliating against employees who complain about alleged violations or participate in investigations, hearing or inquiries concerning alleged violations.

New Jersey

State Flag of New JerseyNew Jersey has also introduced two bills, Senate Bill 1842 and Assembly Bill 2600, which would prohibit the employment of unauthorized workers and require all employers who employ 100 or more employees to verify the employment eligibility of all new employees through E-Verify beginning January 1, 2011; compliance for smaller employers would begin on January 1, 2012.

In New Jersey, a rebuttable presumption that an employer did not intentionally or knowingly employ an unauthorized alien will exist if E-Verify was used for verification purposes. Violations can result in sanctions ranging from $100 to $1,000 and suspension and/or revocation of business licenses, depending on the severity of the offense. The New Jersey legislation, unlike the Pennsylvania bills, contains no retaliation provisions.

S1842 was introduced in May 2010 and referred to the Senate Labor Committee. A2600, also introduced in May 2010, was referred to the Assembly Labor Committee.

Employer Audits

The New Jersey and the Pennsylvania proposals also contain enforcement mechanisms. Under the proposed measures, the Pennsylvania and New Jersey labor departments would conduct employer audits and investigate complaint-based allegations to ensure employer compliance. Given the current climate surrounding immigration, it is not surprising that both states have included audits as an enforcement tool. As we previously discussed on this blog, the centerpiece of the Obama administration’s immigration enforcement strategy is the employer audit and, thus far, federal agencies have doled out considerable fines for non-complying employers.

Few Utah Businesses Have Complied with Mandatory E-Verify Enrollment

E-Verify LogoAccording to the Salt Lake Tribune, since the July 1, 2010, effective date of a Utah law requiring businesses with 15 or more employees to verify new hires’ work status through E-Verify, less than one-third have done so. The figure did not surprise Utah Governor Gary Herbert, who stated that even the law’s sponsor did not expect universal compliance. Some suggest that employers either do not know about the new requirement to use the federal electronic employment verification system, or are not hiring due to poor economic conditions, which could explain the low enrollment numbers.

Due to Privacy Concerns, New E-Verify Registrants Will Need to Supply More Information

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) will be implementing additional requirements for employers who register for the E-Verify electronic employment verification system, in order to provide additional protection for employees’ personal information. Previously, registering employers provided E-Verify with their business name, business address, mailing address, phone number and other information, which was then compared to information already in E-Verify’s system in order to prevent duplicate registrations. Now, according to the DHS’s June 2010 Privacy Impact Assessment Update (pdf), employers wishing to register for E-Verify will be required to provide the following additional information:

  • the employer’s “doing business as” (DBA) name (if applicable);
  • the employer’s DUNS number (the Dun and Bradstreet identifier) (if applicable);
  • the name of the employer’s administrator; and
  • the name of the employer’s parent organization (if applicable).

The Privacy Impact Assessment Update cites four main reasons for using commercial data for registering employees:

  • ensuring that only valid companies enroll to reduce the chance of fraudulent companies using individuals’ personal information for illegal purposes;
  • avoiding duplicate registrations;
  • improving the program’s operational effectiveness and customer relationships, and facilitating communications with employers; and
  • measuring effectiveness of E-Verify and managing any future growth of the program should use of E-Verify become required for a larger segment of employers.

Petition Circulating in Washington State Seeks Ballot Spot for Immigration Measure

State Flag of WashingtonWith the July 2, 2010 submission deadline approaching, individuals in Washington are trying to collect 241,153 signatures to place an immigration-related measure on the November ballot, reports the Seattle Times. Employment-related provisions of proposed initiative I-1056 (pdf) include:

  • Requiring all employers, after making an offer of employment, to verify the individual’s eligibility to work in the United States, using programs such as E-Verify.
  • Making it an unlawful employment practice to terminate a U.S. citizen, or a permanent resident applying for naturalization, when an illegal alien is employed at the same job site or in a similar position at a different site.

Since 2006, similar measures have failed to get certified, and the chances for a 2010 measure are slim, given the campaign’s lack of funds and the absence of major party support for the measure.
 

USCIS Announces Redesigned E-Verify Website

United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has announced the June 13 launch of a newly-designed E-Verify website. Highlights of the redesign include:

  • icons accompanying case statuses to make it easier to identify cases requiring attention;
  • the ability of businesses to view their Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) electronically; and
  • simplified terms to better guide users through the process.

Existing users’ IDs and passwords remain valid, and all open cases will be accessible via the new platform. When users log on to the new E-Verify website, they will be required to take a short tutorial about the changes.

E-Verify is an electronic employment verification system, operated by the U.S. government, allowing employers to verify that individuals are legally permitted to live and work in the United States.

Arizona Governor Signs Controversial Immigration Enforcement Bill

Arizona Governor Jan Brewer has signed into law an immigration enforcement bill generally acknowledged to be the “broadest and strictest immigration measure in generations.” The bill has attracted national attention, even drawing strong criticism from President Obama who, according to The Daily Telegraph, has instructed the U.S. Department of Justice to examine the measure’s legality.

Among other provisions, the law:

  • allows police officers to arrest individuals unable to provide documentation demonstrating their legal right to be in the United States;
  • allows police officers to charge illegal immigrants with criminal trespassing;
  • allows state residents to sue Arizona’s local or state officials or agencies if they “adopt[] or implement[] a policy or practice that limits or restricts the enforcement of federal immigration laws to less than the full extent permitted by federal law.”

The law also contains provisions regarding verification of employment authorization. Since December 31, 2007, Arizona employers have been required to use E-Verify, the federal electronic employment verification system, to authenticate employees’ legal work status. The new law amends existing provisions to require employers to retain employee verification records for either the duration of the employee’s employment or at least three years, whichever is longer.

Additionally, the new law establishes an affirmative defense of “entrapment” for employers charged with knowingly or intentionally employing unauthorized aliens. To successfully assert the defense, employers must prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that:

  • law enforcement officers or their agents, and not the employer, started the idea of knowingly or intentionally hiring an unauthorized alien;
  • law enforcement officers or their agents urged and induced the employer to knowingly or intentionally hire an unauthorized alien; and
  • the employer was not predisposed to commit the violation before law enforcement officers or their agents urged and induced the employer to commit the violation.

However, an employer will not be deemed “entrapped” if it was predisposed to knowingly or intentionally hire unauthorized aliens and the law enforcement officers or their agents “merely provided the employer with an opportunity to commit the violation.”

City of Santa Maria, California to Use E-Verify for New Hires

The city council of Santa Maria, California approved a measure to use E-Verify when it hires new employees, reports the Santa Maria Times. The city will commence a six-month trial of the federal electronic employee verification system on May 8, 2010. It is uncertain, however, how often the city will use E-Verify because it is currently furloughing employees to save money.

Some officials and residents supported mandating E-Verify for private businesses as well. However, full council support was lacking, and many community organizers and residents spoke against the proposal.

South Carolina Company Enters First IMAGE Agreement in State

Coastal Steel and Acoustics became the first company in South Carolina to sign an IMAGE agreement (Immigration and Customs Enforcement Mutual Agreement between Government and Employers), the agency announced. By signing the agreement, the company:

  • will receive agency-provided training and education on fraudulent document detection, as well as on proper hiring and anti-discrimination procedures;
  • can use E-Verify, the federal electronic employee verification system, and the Social Security Number Verification Service; and
  • can become “IMAGE certified” by following the Department of Homeland Security’s Best Employment Practices.

IMAGE was initiated in 2007 to combat unlawful employment and reduce vulnerabilities that help illegal immigrants gain employment in the United States.

Immigration Reform Bill Might Call for Biometric Identification Cards

The Wall Street Journal reports that a mandatory biometric identification card for U.S. citizens and legal residents could be included in a comprehensive immigration reform bill being spearheaded by Senators Charles Schumer (D-NY) and Lindsey Graham (R-SC). The card would contain standard identifying information, but would also contain a biometric identifier, e.g., fingerprints. Schumer has previously proposed such a card to replace E-Verify, the federal electronic employment verification system.

Although the ID card would be required for all workers, including teenagers, implementation would occur in phases, starting with employers in industries that typically rely on illegal immigrant labor. Employers could verify job applicants’ biometric information by acquiring a scanner (costing approximately $800); smaller employers could bring job applicants to a government office for scanning. Workers currently employed would not need to obtain an ID card until they changed jobs.

If an ID card is instituted, the United States would join a host of countries already using biometrics for identification and immigration purposes. For example:

  • the United Arab Emirates requires residency visa holders to provide fingerprints;
  • the United Kingdom fingerprints all foreign nationals entering the country with biometric UK visas, entry clearances and identity cards; and
  • South Africa’s “Events Visa,” which will allow travelers attending the 2010 World Cup access to select African nations in addition to the host country, relies upon biometric verification technology for monitoring travelers’ movements.

Photo credit: Frette

Report Finds E-Verify Fails to Detect 54% of Unauthorized Workers

According to the Wall Street Journal, an independent report commissioned by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) found that E-Verify, the federal electronic employment verification system, may be failing to detect 54% of unauthorized workers processed. According to the 338-page report (pdf), E-Verify experienced difficulty confirming that workers’ identities were their own. The purported reason: identity theft.

The stated failure rate is misleading, according to a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) synopsis (pdf) of the results. USCIS, a unit of DHS, contends that, overall, E-Verify’s accuracy rate was 96% and that only 6.2% of verifications processed concerned unauthorized workers. Accordingly, only 3.3% of total queries concerned unauthorized workers who were misidentified as authorized.

USCIS says it is actively working to lower the possibility of false positives by:

  • partnering with states on data-sharing initiatives;
  • developing methods for uncovering stolen identities and preventing them from being used for E-Verify purposes; and
  • adding more photographs to the system. Currently, E-Verify’s Photo Tool checks applicants against green card and employment authorization document photographs. In fiscal year 2010, U.S. passport photos will be added, and USCIS is working to also add visa photographs.

Audit Reveals E-Verify Errors by the SSA Regarding Its Own New Hires

As reported by The Washington Times, the Social Security Administration (SSA) failed to run electronic employment verification (E-Verify) checks on 19% of the employees it hired in 2008 and 2009. The SSA, along with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, administers the E-Verify program.

The errors came to light during an audit by SSA’s investigator general which revealed that, of the new hires for whom E-Verify was not run, 44 individuals should have been flagged as tentative non-confirmations. The audit also found that 50% of the checks being audited were untimely. E-Verify’s terms of use require that a check be run within three days of an employee’s hiring. 1,874 of the checks were run too early, and 1,784 of the checks were run too late.

The City of Lancaster, California Will Require Businesses to Use E-Verify

Businesses in the southern California city of Lancaster will be required to use E-Verify to confirm new hires’ eligibility to legally work in the United States, according to the Los Angeles Times. Companies that fail to comply with the requirement could face revocation of their business license. At least 11,000 California business are already enrolled in the E-Verify program, which processed over 8.5 million queries in fiscal year 2009.

USCIS's New Verification Operations Center Aims to Improve Integrity of E-Verify and SAVE Programs

As reported previously on this blog, U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS) officially announced the opening of a new Verification Operations Center in Buffalo, NY. This center will employ approximately 135 people with the sole objective of performing immigration status verification for the Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements (SAVE) and E-Verify systems. Specifically, the new center will run verification checks of employee work authorization status for companies enrolled in E-Verify, and it will confirm immigration status inquiries for government entities using SAVE. This is the first USCIS field office dedicated to monitoring compliance and ensuring the correct use of the SAVE and E-Verify programs. The Buffalo Verification Operations Center will spearhead USCIS's initiative to stop employers and third-party "investigation" companies from using E-Verify improperly. This development is the government's attempt to improve the integrity of both SAVE and E-Verify. These efforts may also facilitate the reduction of potential discriminatory effect in the application of E-Verify procedures and safeguard privacy interests.

USCIS Acting Deputy Director Michael Aytes, who was present at the opening ceremony of the Buffalo center, remarked on the growth of E-Verify and SAVE, stating "participation in the E-Verify and SAVE programs has increased dramatically, particularly in E-Verify with a five-fold increase." On behalf of the administration, he sent a clear message to employers and others that E-Verify and SAVE are here to stay, and that the usage of both programs will be monitored closely to ensure they are being used properly. It is recommended that employers participating in E-Verify check that they are in compliance. Examples of noncompliance with employers' E-Verify obligations include:

  • Enrolling in E-Verify and signing a Memorandum of Understanding, and then failing to run all new employees through the system.
  • Erroneously using the system for pre-screening purposes.
  • Failing to process new employees through E-Verify within the three-day period from start of employment.

Interestingly, the USCIS announcement stated that 170,000 employers in approximately 650,000 worksites are participating in E-Verify, with a 97% automatic confirmation of employment eligibility. USCIS also reported that 300 agencies (including 175 state entities, 30 state DMVs, 64 local agencies, and 28 federal agencies) are now participating in SAVE, with about 11.6 million inquiries run through the system in FY2009.

Enforcement actions are on the rise -- significantly. Employers should seriously assess overall corporate immigration compliance; conduct internal audits of I-9 records; determine the effect immigration compliance will have upon other employment-related considerations (such as wage and hour and labor relations concerns); and, finally, review E-Verify obligations immediately.

This entry was written by Ian Macdonald.

USCIS Announces Increased Enforcement and Compliance Initiatives, Including Issuance of 1,000 Additional Notices of Inspection

At a symposium in Washington, D.C., US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced that today (November 19, 2009), an additional 1,000 Notices of Inspection (NOI) will be issued. This is a significant move and reveals the administration's intent to increase enforcement actions against employers that engage in the unlawful hiring of undocumented workers. This year alone, Immigration Customs and Enforcement has issued 1,044 NOIs, which is three times as many NOIs than were issued in 2008. Adding another 1,000 NOIs drastically increases this statistic. To further illustrate the administration's aggressive pursuit of employers, Notices of Fines totaling $24 million have been issued in 2009, compared with $2.4 million in 2008. Also, during 2009, 100 companies and individuals have been barred from doing business with the federal government, whereas only one company was barred last year.

Other highlights of today’s symposium, titled “Government and Employers: Working Together to Ensure a Legal Workforce,” include:

  • USCIS Director Alejandro Mayorkas announced the opening of a new facility in Buffalo, NY, where 135 employees will monitor E-Verify activity. As part of this culture of responsible corporate citizenship, a "self check" system by which individuals may check their own status is in the early stages of development.
  • The administration's move to go after violators and increase its civil and criminal penalty activity will be augmented with a public affairs strategy aimed at working closely with employers. In this regard, the administration will implement an "I E-Verify" campaign, which will communicate to consumers that a company is enrolled in E-Verify and is complying with immigration laws.
  • Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano asserted that employers will be given the tools to maintain legal workforces and that "E-Verify and IMAGE will be a big part of that landscape." Secretary Napolitano pointed to E-Verify “as a tool for the future,” noting that: 169,000 employers are now enrolled; 2,000 per week enrolled last month alone; and 1.6 million queries already have been run through the system in FY2010 which commenced on October 1, 2009 (whereas 8.5 million queries were run in FY2009).
  • With respect to the E-Verify program, USCIS confirmed that it currently has 18,000 federal contractor companies, 9,000 of which have enrolled in E-Verify because of a Federal Acquisition Regulation contract clause. Also, USCIS has improved the E-Verify system's error rate and reported that 96.9% of inquires confirm work authorization immediately or within 24 hours; 2.8% of inquiries are not confirmed as work authorized; and 0.3% of inquires involve an initial mismatch that is later resolved as work authorized. The mismatch rate on naturalized citizens has decreased by 40%. Further improvements to the E-Verify system will be rolled out in December 2009, including: the ability to check real-time arrival dates if transposed on I-94 cards; a European date format identifier; and a photo comparison feature that will draw on information held separately by USCIS and the Department of State. In spring 2010, USCIS expects to introduce a function to E-Verify that will check company information against third party data to identify fraudulent activity.

This entry was written by Ian Macdonald.
 

GAO Says Social Security Administration IT System Needs Upgrading

As reported by Nextgov.com, a Government Accountability Office (GAO) report suggests that the Social Security Administration (SSA) will need to upgrade its information technology systems to handle future electronic information exchanges. Currently the system operates more than 800 data exchanges that allow SSA to send and receive electronic information to and from state and local partners. The data exchanges are used for processing and distributing Social Security payments and validating identities of driver’s license applicants.

SSA officials anticipate increased demands on the data exchanges, particularly from E-Verify, the federal electronic employee verification system that uses Social Security numbers to verify the employment eligibility of newly hired workers. To handle the increase, SSA will modernize its IT infrastructure and develop a more cost-effective and efficient computing environment. It will convert outdated software applications and expand the agency's physical processing capacity.

Although GAO found that the system, to date, had performed adequately, it warned that SSA had not implemented the necessary IT management practices to effectively oversee the changes in the data exchanges. The GAO also found that SSA had not sufficiently projected future demands nor had it developed a tactical plan for delivering electronic services.

 

Senate-Approved DHS Appropriations Bill Extends E-Verify, Other Immigration-Related Visa Programs

On Tuesday the Senate approved by a vote of 79-19 the conference report for the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations bill (H.R. 2892) that includes provisions extending the E-Verify employment verification system and other visa programs. The House approved the conference report on October 15.  Continue reading about this development on Littler's Washington D.C. Employment Law Update blog.
 

California Legislature Passes Resolution Condemning Federal Immigration Policy

Examiner.com reports that California’s legislature has passed a non-binding resolution condemning federal immigration policies, practices and enforcement. The resolution, drafted by California State Senator Gilbert Cedillo, urges Congress and President Obama to declare a moratorium on immigration policies and practices until comprehensive immigration reform is enacted.

Although the resolution has no legal effect, opponents contend that a moratorium would negatively impact public safety. Anti-immigration advocates assert that the resolution’s sentiment does not represent that of the majority of Californians and that illegal immigrants would benefit from the proposal.

The resolution notes the financial contributions of immigrants (documented as well as undocumented), while criticizing various actions such as employer audits and, particularly, the E-Verify system. 

Obama Administration's Immigration Policy Resembles Bush's

The New York Times reports that President Obama’s approach to immigration enforcement has remained similar to that of his predecessor. Employee paperwork audits have been conducted at hundreds of businesses and prosecutions for immigration violations have increased. E-Verify, the federal program that allows employers to check applicants’ work authorization status, has been expanded, as has a cooperative program between federal, state, and local officials that runs immigration checks on individuals booked at certain local jails.

The reliance on holdover policies has upset immigrant and Latino advocates, key supporters of Obama’s election, who believed the new administration would take a different, less harsh approach. Although administration officials state that they have backed away from unpopular mass factory roundups of illegal immigrants, advocates contend that the administration’s continuation of existing programs will result in further ethnic profiling and civil rights violations.

As previously discussed, Democrats are planning to introduce an immigration reform bill sometime this year or in early 2010. Anticipating a legislative battle, influential party members have suggested members alter their language when discussing the issue—e.g., abandoning the term “undocumented” in reference to illegal immigrants—to demonstrate their commitment to preventing illegal immigration and strengthening immigration enforcement.

New Employee Verification Act Introduced; Proposes Alternative to E-Verify

Representatives Gabrielle Giffords (D-AZ) and Sam Johnson (R-TX) have introduced a bill that would establish a mandatory electronic verification system to take the place of E-Verify. As reported at Workforce.com, Giffords and Johnson hope their bill, the New Employee Verification Act, will either be the foundation for employment verification in a broader immigration bill or move through Congress on its own.

The proposed legislation would:

  • Require all employers to use either the Electronic Employment Verification System (based on the new-hire system used to enforce child support payments) or the Secure Electronic Employment Verification System (which would authenticate an employee’s identity using biometric information). Data for recently hired employees would be checked against Social Security and Department of Homeland Security databases to determine work eligibility.
  • Eliminate the I-9 immigration form.
  • Establish civil and criminal penalties for employers that knowingly hire illegal immigrants.
  • Establish federal preemption of state laws on employment verification.
  • Require that the Social Security database, which has a 4.1% error rate, be cleaned up before the new system takes effect.

Giffords and Johnson have collaborated on the legislation with The HR Initiative for a Legal Workforce, which is led by the Society for Human Resource Management.