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The Migration Advisory Committee (MAC) has recommended to Parliament that the shortage occupation list under Tier 2 of the United Kingdom’s point-based immigration system be reduced to cover 190,000 employees (not migrants) – by comparison, in 2007 the number was 1,000,000. MAC has recommended eliminating 29 job titles from the list (e.g., veterinary surgeons, obstetrics and gynecology consultants) and adding 33 job titles (e.g., actuaries, high integrity pipe welders). If the recommendations are accepted, the listed occupations would be the only positions open to migrants from outside the European Economic Area under Tier 2’s shortage occupation route, which has an annual limit of 20,700.

The full 252-page report is available here (pdf).

Photo credit: Alina Hart

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By Andrew Osborne and Anita de Atouguia of Lewis Silkin

The UK Border Agency has finally opened up the Tier 1 (Exceptional Talent) route. This route is for exceptionally talented individuals in the fields of science, humanities, engineering and the arts, who wish to work in the UK. These individuals are those who are already internationally recognised at the highest level as world leaders in their particular field or who have already demonstrated exceptional promise and are likely to become leaders in their particular areas.

To qualify under this category, applicants need to obtain an endorsement from a Designated Competent Body (“DCB”). The DCB’s include:

• The Arts Council England
• The British Academy
• The Royal Academy of Engineering
• The Royal Society

The DCB’s have agreed specified eligibility criteria and Code of Practice with the UK Border Agency. There is a limit of 1,000 in the first year of operation, of which the first half year allocation of 500 will be decided from 9 August through 30 November 2011. The remaining 500 will be allocated from 1 December 2011 to 5 April 2012. Applicants must apply for entry clearance only. There is no provision to switch into this category from within the UK.

Photo credit: David Franklin

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By George Koureas of Lewis Silkin

The UK Border Agency’s permanent immigration cap came into force on 6 April 2011. Under the annual limit, UK employers will only be able to hire 20,700 non EEA nationals based outside the UK to work in skilled professions under Tier 2 (General) of the UK's Points Based System. A further 1,000 visas will also be made available to people of 'exceptional talent' whom experts believe will make the biggest contribution to science and the arts in the UK.

New hires under Tier 2 (General) coming to the UK will also need to have a graduate level job, speak an intermediate level of English and meet specific salary and employment requirements. Those earning a salary of £150,000 or more will not be subject to the limit.

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The UK Border Agency has announced its annual update to the occupation codes of practice for sponsored skilled workers, with an effective date of March 1, 2011. To sponsor a migrant worker from outside Europe under Tier 2 or Tier 5 of the points-based immigration system, employers must use the codes of practice to: (1) check the skill level and appropriate pay for the job; and (2) determine where in the United Kingdom the job must be advertised before it can be offered to a migrant worker. Employers also must consult the latest version of the codes of practice before issuing a certificate of sponsorship.

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The UK Border Agency recently announced some additional details regarding the cap on number of certificates of sponsorship issued under Tier 2 (General) of the points-based system. Beginning in April 2011, an annual limit will be placed on Tier 2 (General) applications. Moreover, until April 5, 2011, an interim limit on the total number of certificates of sponsorship that sponsors can issue under Tier 2 (General) is in effect: 10,382 certificates (including initial and extension applications). Included in the interim limit are certificates already allocated to sponsors. However, a small number of certificates have been set aside and sponsors may be allocated additional certificates if they are:

• an existing sponsor and exceptional circumstances exist; or
• a new sponsor.

The following types of Tier 2 applications are not included in the interim limit: intra-company transfers; ministers of religion; and sportspersons.

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On December 17, 2010, the UK High Court held that the Home Office’s temporary cap on the number of non-EU citizen skilled workers allowed entry to the UK was introduced unlawfully. As reported by the BBC, the High Court found that ministers had “sidestepped” Parliamentary scrutiny by implementing the measure without a vote. Due to this ruling, the temporary cap for two tiers of job applicants—which was intended to stay in place until the permanent cap takes effect in April 2011—is no longer in effect.

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The UK Government has announced the figures for the permanent cap on non-European Union migration to the United Kingdom. In its bid to reduce net migration to the tens of thousands by 2015, the Home Secretary Theresa May announced a figure of 21,700 as the yearly limit on migrants entering the UK from outside the EU. However, this cap excludes the categories for "Tier 2" intra-company transfers. To learn more about the cap and its implications for employers, please continue reading at our collaborative blog, Global Employment Law.

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As of July 19, 2010, rules for the United Kingdom’s Points Based System have changed (pdf), permitting the Secretary of State to limit the number of Certificates of Sponsorship (CoS) assigned to sponsors, and to limit the number of CoS assigned to specific sponsors in any one period. The UK Border Agency (UKBA) released updated guidance on Tier 2 (General) sponsorship (pdf), which outlines the changes. UKBA will send each sponsor a letter detailing their individual CoS allocation for the interim period, which runs from July 19, 2010, to March 31, 2011.

Some sponsors will be given a “zero allocation” for the period, limiting their sponsorship to existing employed migrants, and preventing sponsorship of new employees unless the sponsor applies for “exceptional consideration,” which might result in additional CoS being issued. Moreover, sponsors that are downgraded to a B-rating will automatically have their allocation set to zero “until they demonstrate their commitment to make improvements by signing up to (and paying fees associated with) a sponsorship action plan.” 

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The UK Border Agency announced that, beginning July 19, 2010, it will limit how many applications submitted under Tier 1 (General) of the points-based system will be considered per month. A long-term limit will be imposed in April 2011. Additionally, the score necessary for approval of a Tier 1 (General) work permit will increase from 95 to 100 points.

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The UK Border Agency announced that on July 19, 2010, it will introduce an interim limit on the number of sponsorship certificates employers can issue to migrant workers. An annual limit will be introduced in April 2011.

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The UK Border Agency (UKBA) has unveiled its “super premium service” for applicants seeking to extend their stay in the UK. For £15,000, the following services will be available:

• immigration application forms will be picked up by a Royal Mail courier;
• applicants can have their biometrics enrolled at a location of their choosing, including their home or business premises, at a time and date of their choosing (between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday); and
• a decision on the application will be made within 24 hours of the visit, if all requirements are met.

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The UK Border Agency (UKBA) has issued revised guidance documents for employers and education providers holding sponsor licenses under the country’s points-based immigration system. The revised guidance documents provide information for sponsors under Tiers 2, 4 and 5, and may be downloaded from the UKBA website.

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As this blog previously noted, as of January 6, 2010, the UK Border Agency (UKBA) has started issuing identity cards to skilled foreign workers and their dependents. The identity card confirms the holder's identity, nationality, and immigration status in the UK, and also indicates whether the holder is authorized to work or study under the country’s points-based immigration system.

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The Daily Telegraph reports a significant increase in the number of foreign workers employed in the UK via intra company transfers under Tier 2 of the country’s points-based immigration system. In 2008, more than 48,000 intra-company transfer applications were filed; approximately 30,000 concerned foreign IT workers. In total, over 35,000 foreign IT workers entered the UK that year – three times the amount that entered during the height of the dot com boom in 2000.

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A master’s degree will no longer be required for highly skilled workers seeking employment in the UK under Tier 1 of its points-based immigration system, according to the Financial Times. The move came in response to strong lobbying by business interests, who argued that the restrictions blocked access to the best talent as the UK tries to emerge from the global recession.

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The UK Border Agency announced that the Migration Advisory Committee (MAC) has completed its review of Tier 1 of the UK’s points-based immigration system. The MAC report recommends that:

• salary multipliers used to convert previous earnings (from outside the UK) into a UK equivalent should be rapidly and thoroughly reviewed;
• migrants with a bachelor's degree but no master's degree should be allowed to come to the UK if their previous earnings are sufficiently high;
• professional qualifications (e.g., law or accountancy) should be considered the equivalent of a master's degree;
• the pay thresholds should be substantially increased, with no points for previous annual earnings below £24,000;
• migrants with previous annual earnings of at least £150,000 should not need to meet the education requirements;
• applicants should receive points for their age if they are 39 or under; and
• successful applicants should initially be allowed to come to the UK for two years -- not three years -- with the possibility of a three-year extension if they are in highly skilled employment.

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Starting November 30, 2009, the UK Border Agency will fingerprint all foreign nationals entering the country with biometric UK visas, entry clearances and identity cards. This initiative is aimed at improving security and securing UK ports-of-entry and borders. On arrival in the UK, border control will perform regular immigration checks on all foreign nationals seeking admission to the UK and then capture their fingerprints to verify that they match the fingerprints given when the foreign national started the process abroad. This added security measure by UK authorities will stop individuals from cheating the system by having someone else complete biometrics abroad so that possible bars to admission, such as a criminal conviction, are not picked up during the biometrics process.

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Responding to proposals by the Migration Advisory Committee, the UK Border Agency (UKBA) has announced that before employers may hire migrant workers for a job under Tier 2 of the points-based system, they must advertise the position for four weeks. Previously, the test required two weeks of advertising, or one week’s advertising for jobs with salaries of £40,000 or more. The change is intended to better support British nationals looking for skilled jobs as the country comes out of the economic downturn.

The change will take effect December 14, 2009. To provide flexibility to employers, the four weeks of advertising will not need to run continuously. Employers that have already advertised positions need not re-advertise to meet the requirement.

Updated guidance for Tier 2 sponsors will be provided on UKBA’s website on December 14.

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The UK Border Agency unveiled updated guidance notes for Tiers 1, 2 and 5 of its points-based immigration system. Significant changes include:

• The English language requirement has been eliminated for individuals switching in country from leave as a Business person to Tier 1 (Entrepreneur).
• "Representatives of overseas Businesses" has been added to the list of immigration routes from which it is possible to switch into Tier 2.
• The maximum 10% limit on share ownership no longer applies to Tier 2 (Intra-Company transfer) applications
• Tier 5 (Temporary Worker) applicants granted leave to enter for up to three months upon arrival in the UK will have their leave automatically lapse once they travel outside the Common Travel Area (UK, Republic of Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands), thereby prohibiting automatic re-entry to the UK on the basis of their original grant of leave.

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The UK Border Agency announced it is three months ahead of schedule in issuing identity cards to skilled migrants renewing their visas. Issuance of identity cards to Tier 2 skilled workers will begin January 2010, which will add 30,000 foreign nationals per year to the list of individuals assigned identity cards. Ninety thousand cards have been issued to date, mainly to students under Tier 4 and to individuals renewing marriage visas.

To provide foreign nationals with alternate and more accessible venues for submitting fingerprints, these services will be made available, on a trial basis, at 17 Crown post offices, beginning October 2009. Applicants must pay a fee of £8 if they choose this option (by contrast, no fee is required when submitting fingerprints at a UK Border Agency or Identity & Passport Service Office).

Identity cards for skilled migrants and temporary workers under Tiers 1 and 5, originally scheduled to commence in 2011, will begin in 2010. 

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The UK Border Agency confirmed that, beginning October 5, 2009, Tier 4 education sponsors can enter phase 3, a voluntary trial period under the UK’s points-based immigration system. During the trial period, sponsors are permitted to issue potential students visa letters while transitioning to using the sponsorship system to issue confirmations of acceptance for studies.

From October 5, 2009, to February 2010, sponsors can issue confirmations, visa letters, or both to potential students applying from within the United Kingdom. Applicants from outside the United Kingdom will still have to apply with a visa letter until February 2010.

Confirmations of acceptance for studies will become mandatory in February 2010.

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Financial Times reports that lobbying efforts by lawyers and businesses led to a relaxation of the UK’s points-based immigration system posting requirement. British companies seeking to fill senior-level positions with salaries over £130,000 no longer are required to advertise the positions in local Jobcentres. However, companies must continue to advertise via other UK media.

In addition, the Migration Advisory Committee (MAC), which oversees the points-based system, declined to ban intra-company transfers in which businesses bring in overseas staff. Unions had pushed for a ban, but officials believed that preventing foreign companies from relocating staff to the UK would negatively impact investment in Britain.

Rules for the points-based system are being tightened in other respects. The MAC recently recommended that the required posting period for jobs with salaries above £40,000 be increased fourfold, from one week to four weeks. Also, starting salaries of skilled non-EU workers without formal qualifications must be at least £32,000, up from £24,000; for qualified workers the starting salary increased from £17,000 to £20,000. Although the number of skilled non-EU workers coming to the UK has decreased recently, the new changes are expected to produce a further 10% cut.

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The Financial Times reports that United Kingdom-based companies fear the points-based immigration system is negatively impacting their ability to compete. They complain that the rules have made it increasingly difficult to recruit, hire and train applicants and employees from outside Britain and that the system is flawed.

Problems have persisted since the system was introduced last year. Although designed to provide “British jobs for British workers,” the policy has frustrated companies in Britain. The requirement that businesses looking to fill high-level executive roles must post positions at local job centers, coupled with the inflexibility of visa examiners concerning application mistakes, has hampered recruitment efforts. Moreover, companies have found compliance difficult because the rules are constantly changing.

Government officials counter that 90% of applications from outside the UK are processed within three weeks. The Home Office is advising its visa case workers to be more flexible when examining applications. Most recently, the UK granted an exemption to candidates from colleges such as Harvard and Stanford, allowing them to participate in annual graduate recruitment drives until August.

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The UK Border Agency (UKBA) has announced several changes to its points-based system. Changes include (PDF):

• Under Tier 2 (General), employers will no longer need to post job vacancies at JobCentres if the position is that of a director, chief executive or legal partner where the salary package exceeds £130,000 or where stock exchange disclosure will be required;
• Migrant workers applying for a Tier 2 visa based upon an intra company transfer (“Tier 2 (ICT)”) must not be directly replacing a settled worker; and
• Establishment—exclusively for University Vice-Chancellors and Academic Registrars—of a UKBA email inbox to address urgent immigration-related matters that have not been resolved by other agencies. Responses will be guaranteed within 72 hours.

In addition, the UKBA has updated information it provides to employers wishing to sponsor foreign employees for a Tier 2, 4 or 5 visa. The 191-page packet (PDF) can be downloaded at UK Border Agency’s website.

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Effective March 31, 2009, the United Kingdom’s immigration rules covering highly skilled migrant workers have changed, raising the requirements of two categories in Tier 1 of the points-based system. Following the change, anyone applying for permission to enter the UK in the Tier 1 (General) category for the first time, or who applies to switch into the Tier 1 (General) category from another category, will need to have a Master's degree and a minimum salary of £20,000 to score points for qualifications and earnings respectively. Migrants applying to extend their permission to stay under Tier 1 (General) will not be affected by the changes.

The Tier 1 (Post-Study Work) category has also changed. Anyone applying in this category will not be awarded points for Postgraduate Diplomas or Postgraduate Certificates other than Postgraduate Certificates in Education (or PGDEs in Scotland only).

New versions of the Tier 1 (General) and Tier 1 (Post-Study Work) application forms, as well as revised guidance for applicants in these categories, are available on the UK Border Agency website.
 

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As of April 6, the UK Border Agency is extending the range of applications that can be made in person at their public enquiry offices. Applicants will be able to use the “premium service” at the public enquiry offices if they are applying under specified categories of Tiers 1, 2 and 5 of the points-based system. The Agency began setting appointments for the affected categories on March 2.

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